The Trademark Registration Process, Simplified

Trademark Filing Service

In today’s ever-evolving business landscape, safeguarding your brand is paramount. One effective way to do this is by registering your trademark. While the idea of trademark registration may appear overwhelming, fear not, for we’ve broken down the process into manageable steps to make it accessible to you. In this comprehensive guide, we will walk you through the essential aspects of trademark registration, empowering you to secure your brand effectively.

Research: The Foundation of Trademark Registration

Thinking of filing a trademark name? Start with a proper search to confirm your mark is unique and available. Learn how to file correctly and avoid refusals.  Start by checking the official Trademark Office database to ensure that your mark is unique and available. This initial step is fundamental in preventing conflicts and ensuring the smooth progress of your application.

The Power of Uniqueness

When it comes to trademarks, originality is key. Your brand’s identity must stand out, making it essential to confirm that your chosen mark isn’t already in use. Conducting a comprehensive search in the Trademark Office database will reveal existing trademarks and help you avoid potential infringement issues.

Identify Goods/Services: Defining Your Trademark’s Scope

Once you’ve established that your trademark is unique, the next step is to define the specific products or services your mark will cover. Be precise in your trademark filing service—every detail affects how much protection your mark receives. Our experts help you file correctly from the start. It’s important to be precise and clear in outlining the scope of your trademark.

Precision Matters

Being vague or overly broad in defining the goods or services your trademark will cover can lead to complications during the registration process. Therefore, take the time to carefully identify and delineate the areas your brand will protect. The more specific you are, the better protection your trademark will provide.

Filing Application: Taking the First Official Step

Ready to start the trademark registration process? Submit your application to the proper Trademark Office and secure legal protection for your brand. This is the first official step in the registration process and a significant milestone in securing your brand.

Expertise Matters

Filing a trademark application is a legal process, and it’s advisable to seek professional guidance or assistance to ensure that you complete all the required paperwork accurately. Mistakes or omissions can lead to unnecessary delays or even the rejection of your application.

Examination: The Legal Review

Once your application is submitted, it will undergo a thorough examination by the Trademark Office. During this phase, the authorities will review your application to ensure it meets all legal requirements. This includes assessing its uniqueness and the accuracy of the goods or services covered.

Patience is Key

The examination process can be time-consuming, and it’s important to exercise patience. This step is designed to uphold the integrity of the trademark system, so thorough scrutiny is to be expected.

Publication: Making It Official

If your application successfully passes the examination, it will be published. Publication is a crucial step in the process, as it announces to the world that your trademark is in the final stages of registration.

Get Ready for Recognition

Publication is when your brand’s identity begins to gain recognition in the market. It’s a significant milestone, marking the approaching completion of your trademark registration journey.

Opposition Period: Addressing Potential Challenges

Following publication, there is an opposition period during which other trademark owners can object to the registration of your application. This phase allows existing trademark holders to voice their concerns if they believe your trademark infringes on their rights.

Preparing for Challenges

During the opposition period, it’s essential to be prepared for potential objections. Should any arise, it may be necessary to consult legal counsel to resolve these issues swiftly and amicably.

Registration: Your Brand’s Shield

If there are no objections or if any issues are successfully resolved, your trademark will be registered. Congratulations, your brand is now officially protected, and you can use the ® symbol to signify its registered status.

Enjoy the Benefits

Trademark registration opens the door to a multitude of benefits, including exclusive rights to your mark and legal protection against infringement. With your brand secured, you can confidently move forward in the market.

Maintenance: Protecting Your Investment

Once your trademark is registered, the journey doesn’t end there. To maintain your trademark’s protection, it’s essential to regularly renew and attend to its maintenance requirements as per the laws of your jurisdiction.

Long-Term Security

Trademark maintenance ensures that your brand remains protected over the long term. Neglecting this aspect can result in your trademark losing its registered status.

Secure Your Brand the Right Way

The process of trademark registration may vary by jurisdiction, the fundamentals remain consistent. Research, precision, and professional guidance are your allies in this journey. By following these essential steps, you can protect your brand effectively and confidently navigate the world of trademarks.

Remember, the investment you make in registering your trademark is an investment in the future of your brand. So, protect your brand the right way, and watch it flourish. 🚀

#TrademarkRegistration #BrandProtection #IntellectualProperty 📚

In this guide, we’ve demystified the process of trademark registration, offering you the tools and knowledge to safeguard your brand effectively. Don’t hesitate; take the first step towards securing your brand’s future today.

The Importance of Trademark Registration for Amazon Brand Registry, Franchising, and Access to Programs

In today’s competitive business landscape, trademark registration has become crucial not only for general brand protection but also for accessing specific programs and opportunities. In this article, we will discuss the significance of trademark registration for Amazon Brand Registry, franchising, and various programs that require a trademark for access. 

1. Amazon Brand Registry

For businesses selling on the Amazon platform, enrolling in the Amazon Brand Registry program offers numerous benefits. To participate in this program, trademark registration is a prerequisite. Here is why:

  1. Brand Protection: Registering your trademark with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) provides an added layer of protection for your brand on Amazon. It helps prevent unauthorized sellers from infringing on your intellectual property rights and selling counterfeit or imitation products under your brand name. 
  2. Enhanced Control: The Brand Registry program empowers brand owners with enhanced control over their product listings. It enables you to manage your brand presence, monitor product detail pages, and report any infringements or violations swiftly. Trademark registration strengthens your position in resolving issues related to intellectual property on the platform. 
  3. Access to Advanced Tools: Once your brand is enrolled in the Amazon Brand Registry, you gain access to advanced tools and features designed to enhance your brand’s presence and visibility. These tools include Enhanced Brand Content, A+ Content, and the ability to create Stores on Amazon—all of which help you showcase your programs effectively and improve customer engagement. Many buyers check what else a seller sells if they like a certain product. They click on the “brand” name and go to a seller’s store – if seller has any. This helps to increase sales as the buyer may buy other products from the same seller. 

2. Franchising Opportunities

Franchising offers a way for entrepreneurs to expand their businesses and reach new markets. If you are considering opening a franchise for your business, trademark registration is of top importance. Here is why:

  1. Brand Consistency: Franchising relies on the replication of a successful business model and brand identity. By registering your trademark, you secure exclusive rights to the brand elements associated with your programs. This ensures consistency across all franchise locations, reinforcing brand recognition and customer loyalty. 
  2. Legal Protection: Trademark registration safeguards your franchising efforts by providing legal protection against unauthorized use or infringement by others. It helps maintain the integrity of your brand and protects franchisees from potential legal issues associated with using unregistered marks. 
  3. Attraction of Franchisees: Prospective franchisees are more likely to invest in a brand with a registered trademark. It demonstrates that your programs have a solid foundation, are committed to protecting intellectual property, and offer a valuable and specialized business opportunity. Trademark registration can significantly enhance your franchise recruitment efforts. 

A few examples of successful franchises: 

3. Programs Requiring Trademark for Access

In addition to Amazon Brand Registry and franchising, several programs and opportunities require a trademark for access. These may include: 

  1. Government Contracts: When pitching for government contracts, having a registered trademark can be advantageous. It adds credibility to your business and makes it stand out from competitors during the evaluation process. 
  2. Industry Associations and Organizations: Some industry associations and organizations may require trademark registration for membership or participation in specific programs. Being a member of these organizations can provide networking opportunities, industry recognition, and access to valuable resources. 
  3. Online Marketplaces and Platforms: Apart from Amazon, other online marketplaces and platforms may require trademark registration as part of their brand verification process. This ensures that only legitimate businesses with registered trademarks are allowed to sell their products or services on these platforms. A few examples of other online marketplaces where trademarks may be required: eBay, Shopify, Etsy, Walmart, Zappos, Ali Express and more. 

Conclusion

Trademark registration plays a vital role in accessing various programs and opportunities in today’s business landscape. It is especially important for Amazon sellers enrolling in the Brand Registry program, entrepreneurs considering franchising, and businesses seeking access to programs that require a trademark. By registering your trademark, you not only protect your brand but also unlock numerous benefits, such as enhanced brand control, access to advanced tools, attraction of franchisees, and eligibility for exclusive programs and marketplaces. 

Investing in trademark registration is a strategic move that strengthens your position, provides legal protection, and enhances your programs’ overall value. Know the next steps to register your trademark and secure the opportunities and advantages it can bring to your business. 

Call Trademark Angel today for your free consultation! 

LLC vs Trademark Understanding the Differences and Why You Need Both

LLC vs Trademark, As a business owner, it is important to understand the difference between registering your LLC and registering your trademark. 

While both are important for protecting your business, they serve different purposes and provide different types of protection. 

First, let’s define what each of these terms means. 

A Limited Liability Company (LLC) is a legal business structure that provides limited liability protection to its owners. This means that the personal assets of the owners are protected from the company’s liabilities, and vice versa. Registering your LLC is the process of officially forming your business entity with the state in which you are operating. 

On the other hand, a trademark is a symbol, word, phrase, or design that identifies and distinguishes your business’s products or services from those of other businesses. Registering your trademark with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) gives you legal protection and exclusive rights to use that trademark for your business in connection with your specific products or services. 

While having an LLC provides some level of protection for your business, it does not give you any exclusive rights to your business name or logo. This is where registering a trademark becomes an essential part of anybody’s business. By registering your trademark, you have legal protection for your brand identity, which can include your business name, logo, and slogan. There are several benefits to registering a trademark for your business. First and foremost, it gives you exclusive rights to use your trademark in connection with your products or services. 

This means that no one else can use your trademark or anything similar to it in the same industry, which helps to prevent brand confusion and dilution. Additionally, registering your trademark provides legal recourse in the event that someone else tries to use your trademark or something similar to it without your permission. If this were to happen, you would have the ability to take legal action against the infringing party and seek damages for any harm caused to your business. 

Another benefit of registering your trademark is that it can increase the value of your business. A strong trademark can help to distinguish your business from others in the same industry and can be a valuable asset if you ever decide to sell your business. 

Overall, while registering your LLC is important for protecting your personal assets and limiting your liability as a business owner, registering your trademark is essential for protecting your brand identity and providing legal protection for your business. 

Don’t wait until it’s too late – register your trademark today to ensure the continued success and protection of your business. 

If you’re interested in registering a trademark for your business, don’t hesitate to contact TRADEMARK ANGEL. Our team of experienced trademark professionals can guide you through the process and ensure your trademark is registered correctly and efficiently. 

We offer a FREE 20-minute consultation to discuss your trademark needs and answer any questions you may have. To book your consultation, click here

At TRADEMARK ANGEL, we understand the importance of protecting your brand identity and are dedicated to helping our clients achieve their trademark goals. 

Contact us today to learn more about how we can assist you in registering your trademark.

Why Trademark Protection is Vital for Cosmetic Brands

Trademark protection is a key aspect of any business, and it becomes even more critical when it comes to cosmetic brands. The beauty industry is highly competitive, and there are numerous products with similar features and benefits. In such a scenario, registering your cosmetic brand as a trademark can offer significant benefits in terms of brand recognition, protection, and value.

Legal Protection

The primary reason to register your cosmetic brand as a trademark is to secure legal protection for your intellectual property. It ensures that no other business can use your brand name, logo, or any other trademarked elements in the same or similar products without your permission. In other words, it provides you with an exclusive right to use your trademark in connection with the products and services you offer.  The legal protection also applies to the reputation and goodwill you have built around your brand. A registered trademark provides you with legal remedies against any unauthorized use of your trademark, including injunctions, damages, and legal fees. It can help you enforce your rights and prevent others from infringing on your brand.

Brand Recognition

Registering your cosmetic brand as a trademark is an effective way to build brand recognition. A trademark is a unique identifier of your business, and it can help you establish a unique identity in the market. When people see your trademark, they’ll know that it’s associated with your brand. By building brand recognition, you’ll be able to establish your business as a trustworthy and reliable source of beauty products. A strong brand identity also helps you create a loyal customer base. Customers who recognize your brand are more likely to trust your products and services, and they may become brand ambassadors by recommending your products to others. It can help you differentiate your products from those of your competitors and build a strong reputation in the market.

Value of Your Business

A trademark is an asset that can add significant value to your business. It’s a valuable piece of intellectual property that can be sold or licensed to others. Registering your trademark can increase the value of your business and make it more attractive to potential investors. A registered trademark can also help you expand your business into new markets. It can be used as a tool to license your brand to other businesses or franchisees. It can help you generate revenue by allowing others to use your trademark in connection with their products and services.

Protection of Domain Name and Social Media

Handles When you register your trademark, you also get protection for your domain name and social media handles. This means that no one else can use your brand name in their web address or social media accounts. This protection helps you maintain a consistent online presence and prevents others from misusing your brand. The protection of your domain name and social media handles also prevents cyber-squatting, which is a common practice in the digital world. Cyber-squatting is the act of registering a domain name or social media handle that is similar to an existing brand name with the intention of selling it back to the brand owner at a higher price. By registering your trademark, you can prevent such practices and safeguard your online identity.

Prevention of Brand Infringement

Registering your cosmetic brand as a trademark can prevent others from copying your brand. It’s common for some businesses to try to create similar brand names or logos to capitalize on the success of other companies. Registering your trademark can help prevent this from happening, ensuring that your brand remains unique. Trademark infringement can lead to brand dilution, which is the erosion of the distinctiveness of a brand. It can also cause consumer confusion, where customers may mistake the infringing product for the original product. By registering your trademark, you can prevent such issues and protect the integrity of your brand.Trademark Protection

It’s essential to remember that registering your trademark is just the first step in protecting your brand. You must actively monitor and enforce your trademark rights to prevent others from infringing on your brand. As the beauty industry continues to grow and become more competitive, it’s crucial to take proactive steps to protect your business and ensure its long-term success.

At Trademark Angel, we can help you with every step of the trademark registration process, from conducting a trademark search to filing your application and monitoring your trademark rights. Our team of experts is dedicated to helping you protect your intellectual property and build a strong brand that stands out in the market.

Trademark protection is an investment in the future of your business. By registering your cosmetic brand as a trademark, you can safeguard your intellectual property and create a strong foundation for your brand’s growth and success.

Protecting Your Beauty Business: The Importance of Trademarking

Safeguard Your Brand and Reputation in the Beauty and Wellness Industry 

The beauty and wellness industry, including cosmetics, spas, and salons, relies heavily on brand reputation and management. With the increasing number of businesses in this sector, it’s essential for owners to seek a competitive edge. Building a strong brand presence through referrals, traditional advertising, and social media can help drive business and positive reviews. It’s vital to shield your brand from potential hazards, which can be accomplished by obtaining a federal trademark registration.

In this article, we will delve into the significance of protecting trademarks for salons and spas and offer suggestions on addressing situations where someone may use your business name, brand, slogan, or logo without authorization.

 

Trademarks: What Are They and Why Does Your Beauty Business Need One? 

A trademark, which can be a word, design, symbol, phrase, or slogan (or any combination of these), sets your beauty business’s services or products apart from the competition. It is a marker of the origin of goods and services, representing goodwill and quality. This reassures customers that they can always expect the same high standard of services and products.

While nationwide salon chains like GREAT CLIPS and SALON LOFTS typically register their brand names, smaller businesses with a single location or limited staff may wonder if they need a trademark. The answer is yes; even small-scale businesses can benefit from trademark protection. Consider a scenario where a new salon with a similar name opens in a neighboring area, potentially leading to lost business from confused customers. A trademark can help protect your beauty business from such situations.

How Trademarks Benefit Your Beauty Business 

Trademarks are essential for businesses as they significantly affect their reputation and allow them to accumulate goodwill over time. This is particularly important for the beauty industry, which relies heavily on client recommendations. Securing a trademark registration for your brand can protect your beauty business and foster growth.

As a business owner in the beauty industry, it’s natural to aspire for growth and expansion. One common avenue for growth is franchising. The International Franchise Association defines franchising as a method of distributing products or services involving a franchisor, who establishes the brand’s trademark or trade name and a business system, and a franchisee, who pays a royalty and often an initial fee for the right to operate under the franchisor’s name and system. The term “franchise” usually refers to the actual business operated by the franchisee, while the act of establishing and distributing the brand and franchise system is known as franchising.

Having a collection of trademarks is crucial in franchising for any business. It shows how valuable the company’s brand is. The reputation and name of a business can often be as important as, if not more than, its operational procedures. A secure trademark portfolio and a robust brand presence indicate that your business holds considerable value. The beauty industry depends heavily on goodwill, as firms rely on their reputations to retain clients and attract new ones through recommendations. Therefore, the purpose of a spa or salon extends past providing outstanding customer experiences and involves continuously improving its brand presence.

When scaling up and franchising your business, you must demonstrate ownership of your brand and trademarks. Registering your trademarks early on protects against copycats and competitors and prepares you for future franchising opportunities.

A strong brand reputation translates to increased value, and this is not just an intangible benefit. Trademarks hold real financial value; the more successful and protected a brand is, its monetary worth is higher. At times, the worth of renowned brands and trademarks can surpass that of the company’s operational or tangible assets.

Trademarks, like other types of property, can be bought and sold, making it essential to have clear and well-documented ownership. Trademark registration ensures that legal requirements are met, and right is indisputable. If you decide to sell your business, adequately documented trademarks can contribute to a higher valuation of your other business assets.

Trademark Protection and Legal Recourse 

Registering a trademark can serve as a deterrent in the market and streamline enforcement activities if someone attempts to copy your business name or logo. If another business infringes on your registered trademark, you have the right and obligation to prevent them from copying your name or using a confusingly similar name. Your attorney can send a Cease and Desist Letter, and if the infringing party fails to comply, you can initiate trademark infringement complaints and file for claims or damages.

Navigating the Trademark Registration Process for Your Beauty Business 

To safeguard your beauty enterprise in the US you need to obtain your trademark registration through the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Companies operating in Canada should seek registration from the Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO).  The registration procedure may last up to 18 months for the US and approximately 24-42 months for Canada.

Registering a trademark can be complex, demanding technical expertise and accurately classifying your products and services. Cosmetic products generally fall under class 3, while hairdressing services are classified as class 44. Working with a registered trademark agent is advisable to avoid common mistakes made by business owners who attempt to register their trademarks without professional assistance.

Work with Our Expert Trademark Professionals 

Our skilled team of trademark attorneys and representatives maintain offices in both Canada and the UK and manage trademark and copyright registrations in countries such as the US, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, the UK, Germany, Australia, New Zealand, China, India, Japan, South Korea, UAE, and Turkey. We are committed to offering exceptional trademark registration services at reasonable rates. Trust our expertise to ensure a smooth trademark registration process for your beauty business.

Don’t leave your beauty business’s brand and reputation unprotected. Register your trademark today and safeguard your business’s future growth and success. To start your trademark registration journey, contact us for a free initial consultation.

How to Trademark Your Artist Name

We all know that while artists create with pens, brushes, and music, they may often undermine the most important tools: the legal protection of their works. Such little regard for IP rights brings about more confusion and complications around which legal protection is appropriate for a certain type of IP asset.

Broadly speaking, a trademark does not concern artists. However, to the extent that an artist brands his business, registering a trademark artist name is a necessity. Unlike the typical business owners who primarily rely on their brands developed through rigorous advertising and marketing, artists identify themselves with their works such as music, paintings, sculptures, etc. A trademark is, therefore, more commonly used for businesses than for artists.

As we know, a trademark registration protects a brand or logo with respect to certain goods and/or services, and a copyright registration protects an original work from being copied by others without authorization from the owner.

To know more about the differences between copyright and trademark, please check our article: Differences Between Trademark and Copyright

Now comes an interesting question, how to trademark a band name?

Yes, an artist or brand name can be trademarked. As implied above, artists do not only produce artistic works; they too, having exclusive rights, can make business with their creative works. To this extent, artists can seek trademark protection for their artist or band names.

It is important, however, to consult the basic requirements for a name to be registered as a trademark.

Legality of Artist or Band Trademarks

In the United States, a name, portrait, or signature identifying a particular living individual is registrable as a trademark, provided that the identified individual signs are written consent to register his name as a trademark.

In Canada, however, it is a bit more complicated. The Trademark Office may refuse a trademark that is a combination of a given name and a surname if the such combination can be located in a Canadian directory or another suitable source. However, fictitious names that do not resemble the name that could be borne by an actual person or might be thought by the public to be names or surnames may be registrable.

Another consideration to be taken in registering an artist or band name is to check if the name does not resemble a prior-filed application or prior registration. Hence, a trademark search is pivotal.

To know more about why conducting a trademark search is important in the registration process check our article: Why conduct a trademark search? Trademark Angel also offers free preliminary trademark search.

Protecting and Enforcing Artist or Band Trademarks

If you are an artist who is unsure about trademarking your artist or band name, one of the practical reasons for trademark registration is to get rid of duplicitous brands.

Like any other business, one of the pains for artists when it comes to making a business of their artistic works is duplicitous brands. Without trademark registration, artists become vulnerable to others who copy not only their artistic works but also their brands.

A trademark registration is strong evidence of (1) the existence of a given trademark, (2) one’s ownership of the such trademark. As such, with a registered trademark, you can easily take action against a potential or actual infringer. A few legal remedies are available for trademark owners, namely, sending cease and desist letters, filing a dispute over a domain that is confusingly similar to your registered trademark, instituting an opposition or cancellation proceeding against new trademark applications that resemble your registered trademark, etc.

It is also vital to know that a registered trademark does not enforce itself. As artists who value his business, you must be on the lookout for any activity that infringes upon your brand. This process is called: trademark monitoring. Read more: What is trademark monitoring (confusion watch) service?

Famous Artist or Band Trademarks

What are some registered artist names or band names?

For starters is the AEROSMITH trademark (U.S. Reg. No. 1552802) (image shown below). It registered as a trademark on August 22, 1989 in connection with, among others, ”Entertainment services rendered by a vocal and instrumental group” under International Class 041.

tsdr

Photo taken from:

https://tsdr.uspto.gov/#caseNumber=73726291&caseType=SERIAL_NO&searchType=statusSearch

A more modern example is the BRUNO MARS Trademark.

Bruno_Mars

Photo taken from:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Mars

Yes, you read it right – BRUNO MARS is a registered trademark with the U.S. Reg.4147314. It is registered for among others “song writing services” under International Class 041.

And Nifty Gateway who sold his work The EverLasting Beautiful by FEWOCiOUS (shown below)

FEWOCiOUS

FEWOCiOUS, The EverLasting Beautiful by FEWOCiOUS. Courtesy of the artist.

Nifty Gateway is a registered trademark for “providing an online digital asset marketplace for buyers and sellers of crypto-tokens” in Class 035

Like the traditional business names, an artist or band name is registrable as a trademark. Therefore, as an artist you can have the same legal protection of your artist and/or brand name if you register it as a trademark.

Branding is crucial for artists to forward their careers. Without trademark registration to protect their brands, artists’ career can be sidetracked by others’ use of their artists’ brands to sell or offer low quality or counterfeit products and/or services, hence tarnishing the artist brands.

Certainly, Louis Vuitton wouldn’t have reached its status now (a $47 billion-worth brand) if it had not considered brand protection vital.

Will you be the next Louis Vuitton brand?  Find out today if your artist or band name is registrable as a trademark. TRADEMARK ANGEL offers free consultation via email or call.

CRYPTO and NFTs under the Lens of Trademark and Copyright Law

Can you trademark your NFT? What about trademarking cryptocurrency? This article will discuss this in depth.

New forms of digital property, such as cryptocurrencies and non-fungible tokens (NFTs), are not yet fully addressed by existing intellectual property law. Let’s finally take a deep dive into these technologies, shall we?

Bitcoin, Matic, Dogecoin, and Ethereum. We all know them as cryptocurrency. A cryptocurrency, Merriam-Webster dictionary defines, is any form of currency that only exists digitally, that usually has no central issuing or regulating authority but instead uses a decentralized system to record transactions and manage the issuance of new units, and that relies on cryptography to prevent counterfeiting and fraudulent transactions.

But NFT is a newer technology. An NFT, or non-fungible token, is a digital asset based on blockchain technology used to power cryptocurrency. Investopedia describes NFTs as cryptographic assets on a blockchain with unique identification codes and metadata that distinguish them from each other.

The practical uses of cryptocurrency in the modern world are for transmitting value, i.e., payment, across a decentralized network of users without government intervention. NFTs, however, are used to verify ownership of digital goods.

Simply stated, NFTs represent digital goods while cryptocurrencies are for digital money. It is important to remember that the key characteristic of NFTs is exclusivity.

Authenticity and Brand Protection

Because NFTs offer exclusivity, it has become a means for rights owners to attach authenticity as an integral element to their digital properties. It is for this precise reason that NFTs have become a new and possibly better approach to protect brands from fraud, forgery, and infringement – crimes that hamper the e-commerce industry.

Is NFT an Intellectual Property?

This has become a subject of debate up to this date. Is it copyright or a trademark? To resolve these legal issues, let’s step back a bit.

Intellectual Property

Generally, according to the World Intellectual Property Office (WIPO), intellectual property refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; symbols, names, and images used in commerce.

Trademark

Specifically, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) defines a trademark as any word, phrase, symbol, design, or a combination of these things that identifies your goods or services.

Copyright

The United States Copyright Office (USCO) describes copyright as a type of intellectual property that protects original works of authorship as soon as an author fixes the work in a tangible form of expression.

Distinction Between NFTs and IPs

So, from a legal perspective, an NFT is not akin to a trademark or copyright. Although an NFT is, at one point, a creation of the human mind, it is unlike a trademark that serves as a source indicator of goods and services. It is also not copyright that protects authorship of original works. However, we should be on the lookout for legal luminaries who may offer alternative schools of thought on this matter.

While the world is yet to reconcile NFT and IP, let’s talk about what we know so far – both share similarities and are complementary.

An NFT may not be a tool for consumers to identify one business from others, it offers a means for them to validate the authenticity of the goods and services.

An NFT may not protect the rights of the author of original work, it does offer a means for copyright owners to autograph their original creations.

Does this mean NFT can be trademarked?

Yes. If you designated a brand to your NFTs, then you have an NFT Trademark which can be registered at the USPTO.

A trademark registration gives you a bundle of rights, one of which is the exclusive right the use your brand in connection with goods and/or services identified in the registration. Simply put, by registering your NFT brand, you obtain the ability to prohibit others from registering and using marks that may be similar to yours.

The modern world has become more and more competitive and you don’t want to risk your NFT brand by putting it out there without a trademark registration.

At the USPTO, the first NFT trademark to register is SCULPTSY SCULPTURE FOR THE MODERNIST IN YOU (U.S. Registration No. 6590459) registered on December 14, 2021.

One of the latest registered as of the date of the writing is ANYONE GLOWS ((U.S. Registration No. 6731817) registered on May 24, 2022.

Another popular NFT trademark that obtained registration is KOLEX (U.S. Registration No. 6741210) which, according to its website, “has developed the most advanced and feature-complete platform for creating, distributing and trading NFTs at scale.”

Does this mean NFT can be copyrighted?

Not quite. It is the original work that is automatically protected as the copyright, not the NFT because an NFT is just a representation of the underlying work and not the work itself. Copyright owners have to initiate actions, i.e., converting original digital copyrights into NFT. However, when it comes to selling NFTs, having a copyright registration is an advantage.

NFTs free copyright infringement – Copyright registration tells your buyer you did not just transform someone’s original work as NFT. It gives your NFTs legal integrity, thus increasing their value.

Copyright as an independent property – If you sell an NFT, the copyright to the material is not automatically transferred because it is a property on its own. As such, it has to be subject to another agreement which is an avenue to earn more with NFTs.

OpenSea is a marketplace where one can create, sell and buy NFTs.

Any work in the platform is originally created by someone who from the moment of creation is the copyright owner by default. By putting work in the NFT marketplace, the creator can sell it as an NFT. If another person buys it, he will now become the owner of NFT, but not the copyright to the work. An express agreement has to be in place to transfer the copyright to the buyer.

If you have a copyrighted work that is being traded-in any NFT marketplace without your authorization, then you have a cause of action against the service provider. OpenSea has a copyright infringement report system in place.

Why is Copyright Registration Important for NFT?

Under the relevant copyright laws, the creation of an NFT constitutes a copy or a derivative of the original work. As such, only the copyright owner has the exclusive authority to upload or attach NFTs to the original work.

Hence, copyright registration confers copyright owners the right to prevent others from offering copyrighted works as NFTs without authorization.

Register your NFT trademark or copyright with Trademark Angel. If you been geeking out about NFTs and IPs recently and thought of incorporating these to scale up your business? You’ve come to the right place. Email or call us with your questions.

Product Designs: Trademarkable or Copyrightable

Developing and managing an intellectual property portfolio can provide your business a competitive advantage in today’s marketplace by increasing your business value and attracting investment and partnership opportunities, among others. But it can be complicated if you have a hard time determining whether a given intellectual property asset is a trademark, patent or copyright.

Among the different intellectual property types, two common but difficult-to-distinguish types are trademark and copyright. 

Do these legal concepts overlap? 

Generally, trademark and copyright are distinguishable by principle. Copyright protects original works while trademark protects distinctive marks. In other words, a trademark is for the business name or logo; while, copyright is for marketing materials, such as product photos.

But nuances in the law are inevitable. An intellectual property may be both copyrightable and trademarkable, such in the case of a product design.

Since a product design functions either or both as a source identifier and/or as an original creation intended for marketing purposes, it may qualify either or both as a trade dress and/or a copyright of a separable design feature on a useful article.

Product design as a trade dress

A product design is registrable as a trade dress. TMEP 1202.02. 

According to Wikipedia, trade dress is the characteristics of the visual appearance of a product or its packaging (or even the design of a building) that signify the source of the product to consumers. 

Some examples of a trade dress are:

  • the design of a product (i.e., the product shape or configuration);
  • the packaging in which a product is sold (i.e., the “dressing” of a product), 
  • the color of a product or of the packaging in which a product is sold, and the flavor of a product;

To illustrate further, the bag design below(Fig 1) is registered as a trademark or trade dress. 

Fig. 1

Note, that the bag design is not a business name or logo but a product design which is nevertheless registrable as trademark or trade dress. 

When not registrable as a trade dress

A product design cannot be registrable as a trade dress if is “essential to the use or purpose of the article or if it affects the cost or quality of the article.” TrafFix Devices, Inc. v. Mktg. Displays, Inc., 532 U.S. 23, 33, 58 USPQ2d 1001, 1006 (2001). TMEP 1202.02(a)(iii) (A)

For instance, the Board affirmed registration refusal of the motorcycle design (Fig 2) because the particular design is functional.

Fig 2

In the same vein, the Board refused registration of the “half-moon shaped pull-tab (Fig 3) of an inner container seal”.

Fig 3

The Board had this to say:

“…all of the elements of Applicant’s design affect the performance of Applicant’s pull-tab as a method for removing Applicant’s seals, and that the combination of these design elements results in a design that is, as a whole, functional.” 

 

Product design as a separable feature of a useful article  

Likewise, a product design is copyrightable as a separable feature of a useful article. Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices, Third Edition, 924.3(F) (the copyright law only protects separable “pictorial, graphic, or sculptural features” that are “incorporate[d]” into the design of a useful article. 17 U.S.C. § 101)

In the case of Mazer v. Stein, the respondent registered a pair of statuettes, which were intended to be used as table lamps “with electric wiring, sockets and lamp shades attached.” 347 U.S. at 202. Pictures of one of these items are shown below. 

A lamp is a useful article, because it provides illumination. The lamp base would also be considered a useful article, because it is normally a part of a lamp, and it has an intrinsically useful purpose: It supports the bulb, socket, and lamp shade. 

Applying the separability test to this element is straightforward. The base is a statuette, and if it was imagined apart from the lamp, it would be considered a sculptural work. The statuette would not be intrinsically useful if it was conceptually removed from the lamp and considered on its own. Id

When not registrable as a copyright

A product design cannot be copyrightable if the product design is inseparable, and if separable, the artistic feature does not qualify as a non-useful pictorial, graphic, or sculptural work on its own. Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices, Third Edition, 924.3(E).

As an example, the Copyright Board refused registration of the oval-shaped design (Fig 4 below) because “no matter how pleasing or attractive a work may be, “copyright law does not protect the overall form, shape, or configuration of the useful article itself.”

Fig 4

COMPENDIUM (THIRD) § 924.3(F); see Star Athletica, 137 S. Ct. at 1010 (recognizing that a design feature cannot “be a useful article” in and of itself 

or “[a]n article that is normally part of a useful article”)

Product design as both trade dress and copyright

A product design which is not useful and separable from an article may qualify for a dual or hybrid IP protection, that is both trademark and copyright protection.

To be clear, there is no registration system for hybrid IP protection. As such, you must file separate applications for the trademark and copyright registration.  

Ask TRADEMARK ANGEL

As rights owner, it is vital that you protect your intellectual properties in this era wherein information are easily accessed online. 

At TRADEMARK ANGEL, we make it our life mission to provide rights owners their intellectual property needs in a strategic, efficient, practical and cost-effective means.

If you are rights owner seeking protection but are intimidated by the complexity of intellectual property or discouraged by the hefty attorney’s fees, you only need to ask, and an Angel from our team will be ready to assist you. 

Contact us to take advantage of some of our free services, such as, a free 20-minute consultation, free preliminary trademark clearance search, and free copyrightability test.

Specimen of use in the Trademark World

Providing a correct specimen of use is necessary for successful trademark registration. 

Specimens of use for clothing (class 25) and for a retail store (class 35) are discussed in this article.

Specimen of use, defined

It may sound scientific, but it is a lot simpler.

The language “specimen of use” simply means “proof or evidence of use” of a trademark on a given good (product) and/or service.

Rights owners often dive right in using their trademarks with insufficient, if not without, idea of a black hole they are headed to.

If it does not make any sense, let’s have a scenario of an applicant who has started using his trademark on a particular goods.

Mr. A was thrilled with an idea of a design mark for a clothing line. Lacking due diligence on the trademark aspect, Mr. A rushed manufacturing thousands of t-shirts with the design mark printed in front costing him thousands of dollars.

Mr. A filed a trademark application without being represented by a trademark lawyer. Since Mr. A has started using his trademark he was required to submit a specimen of use which he filed in a form of a photo of the t-shirt with the design mark printed in front.

As it turns out, to make the story short, Mr. A’s application was refused because the design mark as used on the T-shirt does not function as a trademark but a mere ornamentation.

You may think Mr. A’s story was exaggerated. The fact is that it is the less intense version. But obviously, Trademark Angel stepped in and threw a lifeline. Mr. A now has a trademark registration, and his business was spared from such a predicament.

To avoid the same sort of problem Mr. A faced, it is essential to know how specimen of use play in the trademark registration process, its importance, and the general rules in determining whether a specimen is acceptable.

Trademark is always in reference to goods and/or services.

A mark cannot simply be registered as a trademark without reference to specific goods and/or services.

In fact, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) requires an applicant to submit evidence of the use of an applied-for mark in connection with the applied-for goods and/or services.  Whether evidence in the form of a specimen of use is acceptable is subject to the specific rules. The USPTO has refused registration of thousands of trademarks for failure to submit acceptable specimen of use.

Timing of specimen of use requirement

You may have previously learned that there are two general ways to file a trademark application: one is to file it under use-basis and the other is under intent-to-use basis.

As implied in a use-based application, the specimen of use is required upfront precisely because an applicant is alleging the use of the mark in connection with specific goods and/or services.

Specimen of use is not initially required in an intent-to-use basis but is mandatory the moment the USPTO allows the use of the applied-for trademark. The USPTO will set an initial period of six months within which an applicant is allowed to use the applied-for mark and to file the specimen of use.

Specimen of use and its purpose and importance

It is worth emphasizing that a mark cannot register without filing acceptable specimen of use, except in the case of an application based on a foreign application. An application based on a foreign trademark registration skips the specimen requirement which shortens the registration process.

Specimens are required because they show the way the mark is seen by the public and provide supporting evidence of facts recited in the application.

Specimen of use is a required when maintaining or renewing a trademark registration.

General rules on acceptable specimen

Generally, a trademark mark application for registration must include one specimen for each class, showing the mark as actually used in commerce on or in connection with the goods or services identified.

The trademark office only requires a specimen for one specific good or service in each class but may require additional specimen if the goods or services are unrelated.

Example:

A specimen showing the mark used on a packaging of pants is acceptable for “T-shirt, shorts, pants” under Class 25.

A single specimen for an application with more than one classes may be accepted if the classes are related.

Acceptable specimens for goods

A trademark specimen must show use of the mark on the goods, on containers or packaging for the goods, on labels or tags affixed to the goods, or on a display associated with the goods.

Some of the accepted specimens for goods are:

 

  • A label affixed to the goods is an acceptable specimen if a trademark is ordinarily applied to the goods or the containers for the goods by means of labels.
  • Shipping or mailing labels may be accepted if they are affixed to the goods or to the containers for the goods and if proper trademark usage is shown.
  • A label or tag that is not shown physically attached to the goods may be accepted if, in addition to the mark, it includes information that typically appears on a label or tag in use in commerce for the types of goods such as net weight, volume, UPC bar codes, lists of contents or ingredients, or other information that is not part of the mark but provides information sufficient to identify the goods.
  • Stamping a trademark on the goods, on the container, or on tags or labels attached to the goods or containers, is a proper method of trademark affixation.
  • A showing of the trademark on the normal commercial package for the particular goods is an acceptable specimen.
  • Displays associated with the goods comprise point-of-sale material, such as banners, shelf-talkers, window displays, menus, and similar devices that show use of the mark directly associated with the goods.
  • A web page that displays a product can constitute a “display associated with the goods” if it:(1) contains a picture or textual description of the identified goods; (2) shows the mark in association with the goods; and (3) provides a means for ordering the identified goods.

Acceptable specimens for services

A service mark specimen must show the mark as used in the sale of the services, including use in the performance, or rendering of the services, or in the advertising of the services. The specimen must show a direct association between the mark and the services.

Below are some of the accepted specimens for services:

  • Letterhead stationery, business cards, or invoices bearing the mark may be accepted if they create a direct association between the mark and the services.
  • Sign-in screens show that the services are available, and the context indicates that they are accessed by inputting credentials, which is a generally known and accepted means of accessing many online services.
  • For services such as Class 41 entertainment services involving the provision, production, or distribution of entertainment content, screenshots of title or launch screens from the content may create the requisite direct association between the mark and the services.
  • Web pages from an applicant’s or a third-party’s website may be submitted as advertising.
  • Common specimens for such apps are usually screenshots of electronic devices showing the apps rendering the services.

For practical details of what constitutes an acceptable specimen of use please check our other article.

Unacceptable specimens

The following are unacceptable specimens.

  • Labels or tags that appear to be a mock-up, illustration, or other rendering are unacceptable and will result in refusal for failure to show the mark in actual use in commerce in connection with the goods
  • A web page that merely provides information about the goods but is not of point-of-sale nature such that it does not provide a means of ordering the goods, is viewed only as promotional material, which is not acceptable to show trademark use on goods.
  • The applied-for mark does not appear on the specimen;
  • The specimen does not show use of the applied-for mark on or in connection with any of the relevant goods or in the sale or advertising of the services;
  • The specimen is a digitally created/altered image or mockup of the goods;
  • The specimen is unreadable/illegible;
  • The specimen is merely advertising material for goods;
  • The specimen is merely a picture or drawing of the mark;
  • The specimen is a photocopy of the drawing;
  • The specimen is an electronic display associated with the goods (e.g., an online catalog, or web page display for goods), and fails to include ordering information or pricing; and

A trademark is always in reference to a certain good or service.  A mark is not a trademark if it is not used in connection with a product or service.

The proper use of a given mark to a product or service is, therefore, vital in the process of obtaining a trademark registration.

It is important to note that there are exceptional and technical rules that apply in determining acceptability of a specimen.

If unsure about whether your trademark is properly used on your products and/or services, we at Trademark Angel can help. We offer a free 20-minute consultation and preliminary trademark clearance. Send us a message on our website and email address.

 

 

 

 

Should I file a trademark now or should I wait?

First of all, there is no legal requirement for you to file a trademark. However, it makes sense to do it.

Short read:

Ideally, you want to file a trademark for your brand as soon as you realize that your brand is valuable and that you don’t want to lose it to somebody else.

If you have spent time coming up with a unique name and logo, then you should take the time to protect it by trademarking.

Imagine what happens if you don’t trademark your brand?

Somebody may steal your name and use it as theirs. Or, you may receive a cease and desist letter asking you to stop using your name.

It is much more difficult for you to enforce your rights if you don’t have a registered trademark.

Registering your trademark is one of the most cost-effective and practical ways to protect your brand.

File a Trademark, by waiting to register you are not gaining anything but you are risking your brand. If somebody else decides to register your brand, it will be much more difficult for you to prove your rights.

So don’t delay – register today!

Long read:

The registration of a trademark is not compulsory and is completely voluntary. There is no legal requirement that a trademark must be registered. However, a business has so much to gain in protecting its trademarks through registration and literally everything to risk and to lose in the event of a trademark being “stolen” by a third party, diluted/copied by similar brands, and/or its products being pirated or passed off.

While the use of unregistered trademarks may have some limited protection depending on the length of its usage, on the amount of goodwill or reputation the unregistered brand has, and on the applicable common laws; trademarks without the benefit of registration cannot completely be protected. Most legal remedies for owners of trademarks that are infringed upon by third parties are only available if the trademarks are registered.

For example, a third party using a confusingly similar trademark can be sent a cease and desist letter for them to stop the use of such trademark on the ground of another business having a trademark registration for a similar brand. The registration presupposes and serves as evidence that a trademark is owned by its registrant. In case of failure to comply with the demand letter, the trademark registrant may file a complaint for trademark infringement against the third party encroaching on the rights of the registrant in connection with the exclusive use of their registered trademark. Moreover, the trademark registration will allow the registrant to claim monetary damages against the infringing third party in relation to the unauthorized use of the trademark.

These business strategies and legal remedies for the protection of the brands of a business will only be at the disposal of business owners if their brands have trademark registrations. Enforcing business owners’ rights over their trademarks will be complex and much more difficult if their trademarks are unregistered. Worse, scrupulous third parties may even register other business owners’ brands and may put the business owners who had been legitimately using their unregistered trademarks on the defense. In both cases, protecting their businesses will be complicated and will likely require lengthy and costly litigation.

Such complications on a business can be avoided simply by obtaining trademark registrations.

As registration is voluntary, it depends on the business owners when to file an application to register a trademark or brand they use in their business. However, it is prudent and most ideal that a brand is applied for registration as soon as the business realizes that the brand is valuable and that it does not want to take the risks associated with the use of unprotected trademarks. It must be remembered that a brand name or a business logo, like any other business assets, is a type of property that must be safeguarded.

Protecting a trademark through registration makes sense for a business that has spent time coming up with a unique name and/or logo. It will be a waste of time, resources and investments if a business had capitalized on the use of its brand and on building its reputation, only to discover later that another business has already registered either the same or a closely similar brand. As such, checking the availability of a word, slogan or logo for use on branding and marketing, as well as its eventual registration can be said to be a basic due diligence on the part of a business owner.

Trademark registration is one of, if not the most, cost-effective and practical ways to protect a brand and a business. The longer the delay that a trademark is applied for registration, the more likely a business is subjected to unnecessary risks and losses associated with passing off, piracy, unfair competition in the marketplace, and intellectual property theft.

Updated Nov 5, 2021